Fluid Spatial Imaginaries: Evolving Estuarial City‐regional Spaces

This article looks at successive attempts to create new spatial imaginaries around three estuary‐based city regions in England: the London–Thames Gateway, the Atlantic Gateway/Mersey Belt (Manchester and Liverpool), and Hull and the Humber ports. We develop a framework of analysis for new planning and regeneration spaces that takes forward debates on relational and territorial geographies, spatial imaginaries and the creation of new regional identities as governance objects. Specifically, we adopt a long‐term and comparative perspective that allows an examination of how successive efforts at regional building are both path‐dependent and context‐specific, as new approaches reflect emerging ideas about how best to construct successful regions in a changing global economy.     

The nexus between competition and efficiency: The European banking industries experience

In this paper, we investigate competition in banking systems in the EU27 as a whole for the period 2004–2010, but also for old members’ banking systems compared with new members’ banking systems and for banking systems from countries member of euro zone compares with banking systems from countries non-member of euro zone. In order to investigate this issue, we estimate a non-structural indicator of banking competition, using the H-statistic indicator that is estimated using bank-level data. Also, we apply two tests of convergence, β- and σ-convergence, for assessing competition evolution during the specified period. We want to fill the gap in the banking literature testing the validity of the Competition–Efficiency Hypothesis, analysing the impact of the banking competition measures on two alternative measures of efficiency, cost and profit efficiency, in the European banking systems in a Granger-causality manner. The results confirm us that in the EU the convergence process occur from the banking systems with higher competition level than the mean score of all countries. The evidence for all groups of countries, except non-euro zone group, where results are not statistically significant, confirm the Competition–Efficiency Hypothesis in terms of cost and profit efficiency.     

Temporal stability of preferences and willingness to pay for natural areas in choice experiments: A test–retest

The main objective of this paper is to test the temporal stability of stated preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) values from a Choice Experiment (CE) in a test–retest. The same group of participants was asked the same choice tasks in an internet-based CE, conducted twice with a time interval of one year without interviewer interference. We examine choice consistency at individual choice task level and transferability of the underlying indirect utility function and associated WTP values. The results show that choices are consistent in 57 percent of the choice occasions. Comparison of the choice models over time shows that the estimated preference and scale parameters are significantly different, suggesting that choice behaviour changed between the two surveys. Differences between marginal WTP estimates for individual choice attributes are statistically significant only at the 10 percent level. However, we show that this can result in significantly different WTP values for policy scenarios. The instability of estimated mean WTP values for different policy scenarios asks for caution when including WTP values in cost-benefit analysis.     

基于DEA方法的中国农业水资源利用效率研究

[目的]以我国各省市2008~2015年农业水资源利用效率为研究对象,探究我国农业水资源利用效率的规律与特点,并基于此提出促进农业水资源合理利用的建议。[方法]主要采用了文献研究法、统计分析法和数据包络分析(DEA)法。通过文献搜集我国各省市2008~2015年与农业水资源利用相关的数据,构建DEA模型,对我国近年来农业水资源利用效率进行评价。[结果]2008~2015年,我国农业水资源利用效率在0.80上下浮动。各省市农业水资源利用效率随时间变化趋势不同。甘肃和上海的农业水资源利用效率涨幅最大,年增长率分别为4.39%和2.74%;山西、江西以及陕西省的农业水资源利用效率整体趋于下降;浙江、湖南以及陕西和新疆的农业水资源利用效率有先上升后下降的特点,表现出明显的波动。此外,农业水资源利用效率区域分化明显。东部地区农业水资源利用效率一般高于0.80,中部地区位于0.60~0.80,西部地区农业水资源利用效率一般低于0.60。[结论]2008~2015年,我国农业水资源利用效率表现出一定的时间差异性和空间差异性。时间差异性:我国农业水资源利用效率一直处于较高水平并呈现逐年增长趋势,不同省份的农业水资源利用效率随时间变动趋势各异。空间差异性:东部地区农业水资源利用效率最高,中东部地区农业水资源利用效率甚至达到了最优,中部地区其次,西部省区农业水资源利用效率最低。农业水资源利用效率受当地政策、经济发展水平、农业发展水平、水资源总量和人口压力等因素影响严重,今后应针对不同地区采取不同措施解决实际问题。     

Neighborhood as Spatial Project: Making the Urban Order on the Downtown Brooklyn Waterfront

This article argues for a reconceptualization of one of the most basic concepts in urban studies: the neighborhood. Traditionally neighborhoods have been understood as clearly bounded, quasi‐Westphalian containers or as ‘natural areas’ of urban community. But this approach is widely acknowledged to be under‐theorized. And it fails to account for the ways in which the production of neighborhood is inherently political and often conflictual. After reviewing the ways in which neighborhood has been used in urban sociology and urban planning, this article offers a critical conception of neighborhoods as ‘spatial projects’ on the submetropolitan scale. This approach captures the ways in which neighborhoods are not abstract spaces on a city map, but the uneven, unequal products of complex, ongoing struggles between various groups and institutions. This approach is developed through an ethnographic and historical case study of neighborhood formation in one part of Brooklyn, New York. The article concludes with a discussion of how the language of spatial projects refocuses urban research on the political and economic forces that produce neighborhood in the contemporary city.     

农村减贫效率及其空间差异研究——基于DEA-ESDA模型的分析

[目的]通过对2011~2015年间全国以及各区域层面的农村减贫效率进行测度,探讨其空间差异及变化特征。[方法]文章采用投入导向的DEA-BCC模型测算农村减贫效率值,并借助探索性数据分析法(ESDA)对农村减贫效率的空间差异和变化展开分析。[结果](1)我国农村减贫综合技术效率相对较低,未能充分挖掘现有资源投入的潜力,纯技术效率整体偏小是造成综合技术效率较低的重要原因;(2)省际农村减贫效率在2011~2015年整体呈现出先减后增的趋势,并表现出西高东低的阶梯形空间布局;(3)农村减贫的综合技术效率存在正自相关性,高高聚集的区域主要集中在西部地区,低低聚集区域呈现由东北向京津都市区移转的趋势;(4)减贫综合技术效率的热点区域主要集中在西北与西南两大区域,且具有较强的稳定性;冷点区域主要分布在江西、安徽及东部沿海地区,较为稳定的冷点区域主要集中在东北及环渤海地区。[结论]我国农村减贫效率存在显著的空间异质性的特征,需要精准地识别出局部性致贫因素,因地制宜地制定出具有区域联动特点的空间扶贫开发策略。     

中国省域入境旅游发展的空间计量建模与影响因素效应研究

空间计量模型在旅游研究中已得到有效应用,解决了旅游产业发展中的一些实际问题,但还需进一步改进与完善。文章以中国省域入境旅游发展为着眼点,增设扩散转移矩阵为模型因变量滞后的空间权重矩阵,以反映入境旅游在中国省域之间的客流人数扩散转移实际情况,同时从最为全面的广义嵌套空间模型入手,引入旅游研究空间计量模型系统,并以区域入境旅游发展影响因素为模型自变量,构建了入境旅游发展的最优空间计量模型,最后对模型显著自变量的直接效应、溢出效应、总效应进行评估分析,给出区域入境旅游发展建议。结果显示:模型自变量出现显著消极效应的影响因素几乎为酒店供应,加强旅游资源建设和经济水平发展始终是入境旅游发展的重要途径,而开放程度已对东部省域的影响较为微弱,对中部和西部省域则起到很好的积极效应,同时交通设施在中部省域呈现出非常强劲的溢出效应。     

旅游业—城市化—经济—交通复合系统的耦合协同演化机制 ——以云南省为例

基于云南省16个州(市)的面板数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析、耦合协调度模型等研究方法,从时空视角对云南省旅游业-城市化-经济-交通四个系统的发展水平及其耦合协调发展状况进行了整体评价。结果显示:云南省旅游业、城市化、经济、交通发展水平整体分别提升了48.15%、47.59%、35.91%、46.89%。2005~2017年,云南省各州(市)旅游业-城市化-经济-交通复合系统的耦合协调度呈上升趋势,但87.50%的州(市)仍处于中度耦合失调水平,且空间分异特征显著,形成以昆明为核心的"核心-边缘"梯度递减的空间结构特征,整体呈滇中>滇东南>滇西南>滇西北>滇东北>滇西的空间分布格局。     

云南省团队游空间结构及其聚散效应研究

在旅游业高质量快速发展的背景下,全面厘清与掌握省域尺度范围各旅游节点在网络中的角色和地位,并解析其网络结构效应具有重大意义。针对现有研究因旅游流数据采集限制而较少对团队游空间结构研究的不足,基于云南省旅游包车客运信息,运用社会网络结合空间分析的方法,提取了云南省团队游网络空间结构特征,并对其聚散效应进行分析。结果表明:云南省团队游整体网络密度较小且淡旺季表现出相似特征,网络对各节点的旅游联系与合作影响尚未显现,暴露出云南省团队游旅游市场发展的不均衡;团队游网络外向中心势显著高于内向中心势,网络空间集聚趋势明显;通常具有较强外向中心性的旅游节点同时也具有较强内向中心性,表现出“集中—发散”的聚散规律;旅游节点的聚散效应表现为单个节点以圈层状向外递减形式发生,其扩散路径主要集中于文山—蒙自、景洪—思茅方向。整体上,云南省区域旅游业发展差异明显,应重点加强滇西南与滇西旅游区、滇中与滇东北旅游区的旅游资源开发与合作。     

高速铁路影响下京津冀城市旅游空间作用变化特征研究

本文通过对现有高铁和规划高铁两种情境下京津冀地区城市旅游空间相互作用的测算与比较,分析了高速铁路的建设对京津冀地区旅游空间相互作用的空间分布特征、变化幅度和空间差异的影响,并识别了不同城市的主要空间相互作用的联系方向。研究发现:高速铁路显著提升了城市旅游空间相互作用总量,缩小了空间差异。其中,唐山、张家口、承德3个城市获益最大,作为客源地产出作用的位序分别提升了3位、2位和2位,作为目的地接收作用的位序分别提升了3位、4位和4位,而衡水则排在全区最末位。高速铁路网络化运营后,张家口作为客源地产出的空间作用弱于作为目的地接收的空间作用,而秦皇岛作为目的地接收的空间作用小于作为客源地产出的空间作用,且北京、承德作为目的地的空间作用被高速铁路网络放大,而唐山则提高了作为客源地产出空间作用的能力。最后,本文提出,240分钟的旅行时间是城市间产生较强旅游空间作用力的重要分界线,并对京津冀地区在高铁网络化运营时代的旅游产业发展提出了相关建议。